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LIVING WITH WASTE: The Impact of Landfill Sites in Lagos Metropolis, Coping Mechanisms
F. B. Olorunfemi
Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, Ibadan
e-mail address: felixba2000@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
While there are a lot of well researched studies carried out on the impact of
hazardous waste facilities, such as landfills, in developed countries, only a few of
these studies have been carried out in African countries. Particularly in Nigeria,
very few empirical studies have been carried out to examine the perception of host
communities about the landfills sited in their communities, especially in large
urban areas. Furthermore, although there are a lot of literature relating to the notin-
my-back-yard (NIMBY)reactions to waste facility siting proposals, a lot less is
known about the impact of existing waste disposal facilities on individuals and the
community in Nigeria. This paper addresses the impact of landfills on individuals
and communities living in close proximity to landfills in the Lagos metropolis. The
paper specifically examines the coping mechanisms developed by individuals as a
response to the impact experienced from the siting of a landfill in their
neighbourhood. A structured questionnaire was the main instrument used in the
collection of data for the study. The sample size consists of 930 household heads
in the two study sites (488 in Olushosun and 442 in Abule-Egba landfill sites). Two
major deductions can be made from the analysis of the coping strategies employed
by the respondents. Firstly, those who felt strongly affected by the landfills were
more likely to take an action that can reduce the negative impact suffered.
Secondly, this same category of respondents will try to relocate to another
neighbourhood.
INTER-URBAN TRIP RATE OF HOUSEHOLDS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, NIGERIA
Peter Siyan
Department of Economics
University of Abuja, Abuja
ABSTRACT
This study examines inter-urban road passenger transportation in relation to the
changing process of economic development in the Federal Capital Territory of
Nigeria. In Nigeria, as in many other countries in Africa, road transportation is
regarded as the most popular and most important mode of movement. This study
seeks to provide reform measures for revitalizing inter-urban road passengers
traffic as it affects the processes of economic activities in the study area and to
build a model for forecasting future traffic rates in the area. The study used the
category model to determine the inter-urban trip rates among households. The
impedance effect of the spatial distribution of traffic flows was measured using
seven explanatory variables. The results show that the household trip rates were
plausible and that distance and transportation cost minimize passenger movement.
The study recommends the dualization of the major roads and increased funding
through user charges, capital market and joint venture or fuel tax to boost road
transport development in Nigeria. It appears difficult for the government to
rehabilitate old roads and construct new ones. The study, therefore, also
recommends the privatization of Nigeria's highways
EXCHANGE RATE UNCERTAINTY AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FLOWS TO MANUFACTURING AND AGRICULTURE IN NIGERIA
Olumuyiwa B. Alaba
Department of Economics
BOWEN University, Iwo, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Over the years, evidence has revealed that despite a significant increase in the
flow of foreign direct investment to developing countries, countries in sub-Saharan
Africa(SSA) have continued to be at a disadvantage in terms of the proportion of
flow into the region. Despite SSA's continuous efforts to flow along with the
increasingly demanding dictates of the global economy, foreign investment has
failed to flow in freely. This paper attempts to estimate the relationship between
the behaviour of the exchange rate (as one of the important anchors of global
economic processes) and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to Nigeria. The
results confirm the controversy in the literature about the extent and direction of
the effects of volatility. The parallel market exchange rate is also an important
driver of the direction of activities in the two sectors in Nigeria.
SOCIAL GAIN AND EQUITY IN SORGHUM RESEARCH
AND EXTENSION IN NIGERIA
O.J. Macaver and G.O. Odularu
Department of Economics and Development Studies
College of Business and Social Sciences
Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State
ABSTRACT
The study examines the equity impact of sorghum research in
Nigeria. A partial-equilibrium approach based on a concept of
economic surplus was used to analyse data collected from 240
farmers drawn from the Sudan savanna ecological zone of Katsina
State. The results showed consumers obtained 188 per cent of the
welfare benefits while producers obtained -88 per cent. Statistical
tests revealed consumer surplus to be significantly higher and
positive while producer surplus was negative. Thus, for equity
reasons, producers cannot be made to pay for the project. The
paper recommends the continued support of taxpayers. Breweries
and confectionery industries that use sorghum grains could be taxed
to contribute to the research fund. The development of hybrid
rather than open-pollinated seeds could also enable research firms
recover costs and make profits and help sustain the government's
policy on public private partnership (PPP) reforms in the
agricultural sector.
THE COST OF ROAD CASUALTIES IN NORTHERN NIGERIA (1980 - 2004)
G.T. Arosanyin
Department of Economics
University of Ilorin, Ilorin
ABSTRACT
Nigeria lacks a scientific-based road accident cost information database required for the formulation, funding, sensitization and implementation of a comprehensive road safety plan. Until recently, road accident studies have not favoured costing. This paper provides road accident cost information for Northern Nigeria. Niger State ranks first in terms of total severity score (TSS) with 70.74 point, making it the worst in road safety in Northern Nigeria. Katsina and Kaduna states came second and third with 68.78 and 66.10 respectively. Based on the gross output costing method, road casualties cost estimate in Northern Nigeria between 1980 and 2004 was about x23.5 billion (1995 value), Kano/Jigawa and Kaduna states being the highest-about
x3.6billion and x2.8billion respectively. Casualty cost reduction in Northern Nigeria should focus on education and enforcement of highway rules, which directly impact on the human element in road accident causation, as well as post-impact management measures, such as prompt rescue, friendly 'Good Samaritan legislation' and the building of accident centres.
TESTING FOR ASYMMETRY IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYMENT AND OUTPUT: Empirical Evidence from the Industrial Sector of Côte d'Ivoire (1970-1996)
Coffie Francis José N'guessan
Department of Economics
University of Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
email: coffiejose@yahoo.fr
ABSTRACT
In this paper, the asymmetrical relationship between employment and output in Côte d'Ivoire's
industrial sector from 1970 to 1996 was investigated. Okun's law and a threshold autoregressive
co-integration model were used as analytical tools. By applying the above
methodology the null hypothesis of no-cointegration was confirmed. A short-run model was
developed after the above methodology was used, which suggested that the relationship
between employment and output is asymmetric, implying that from 1970 to 1996, negative
shocks on output had a stronger impact on employment than positive shocks.
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